Heat a large saute pan over medium-high heat. Add bacon and cook until browned and crispy. Remove bacon with a slotted spoon and set aside. Drain all but 2 tablespoons of bacon fat.
Add sliced cabbage and shallots to the pan, tossing to coat in the bacon fat. Season with salt and cook until caramelized, about 30-35 minutes. If the pan gets too dry, add a splash of water.
Add sliced garlic and red chili flakes and saute for 1 minute. Add white wine and bring to a boil. Continue to simmer until almost all of the liquid has evaporated.
Meanwhile, cook rigatoni according to directions on the package. Drain rigatoni, reserving 1 cup of the pasta cooking liquid.
Add parmesan, heavy cream, lemon zest, and ½ cup reserved pasta cooking water to the caramelized cabbage. Bring to a simmer, stirring until the cheese melts. Season sauce with salt and pepper.
Add rigatoni and bacon to the pan, stirring until well combined. Simmer for 1-2 minutes or until rigatoni is well coated in the sauce. If the sauce is too thick, add more pasta cooking water. Adjust seasoning as necessary.
Portion pasta into bowls and sprinkle a generous amount of chives on top. Finish with extra grated parmesan and freshly cracked black pepper. Serve immediately.
Notes
You can use any type of short-cut pasta, such as penne, fusilli, or cavatappi.